(ii) It offers better and more efficient supervision through specialization at various levels. Thus, total investment in equipment purchase will be reduced. (i) There will be less duplication of machines. Therefore, the process carried out in that area is according to the machine available in that area. Same type of operation facilities are grouped together such as lathes will be placed at one place, all the drill machines are at another place and so on. This layout is commonly suitable for non repetitive jobs. In this type of layout, the machines and not arranged according to the sequence of operations but are arranged according to the nature or type of the operations. If the products are not standardized, the process layout is more low desirable, because it has creator process flexibility than other. The process layout is particularly useful where low volume of production is needed. (v) Specialized and strict supervision is essential (iv) A single machine break down may shut down the whole production line (iii) If one or two lines are running light, there is a considerable machine idleness (ii) The manufacturing cost increases with a fall in volume of production (i) No flexibility which is generally required is obtained in this layout (vi) Total production time is also minimized (v) Greater simplicity of production control (iv) Less floor area is occupied by material in transit and for temporary storages (iii) Better utilization of men and machines ![]() 1 shows product layout for two types of products A and B. The raw material is supplied at one end of the line and goes from one operation to the next quite rapidly with a minimum work in process, storage and material handling. This product must be standardized and produced in large quantities in order to justify the product layout. In this type of layout, only one product of one type of products is produced in an operating area. If all the processing equipment and machines are arranged according to the sequence of operations of the product, the layout is called product type of layout. These obtain valuable information regarding various salient features or characteristics of machines viz., efficiency, capacity space area covered by the machine and technique of operating the machine etc. ![]() These cards are tied with different machines operating in the plant. Layout drawings can be got prepared by drafts men showing walls, stairways, machines and equipment etc. But this technique is very costly and only big concern can afford to install such a measure. By seeing these models even a layman can form an idea about the layout of the plant. Three dimensional wooden models of machinery, equipment and other devices and components can be prepared. These can be well arranged representing the actual plan of layout to be undertaken. Not only machines but space covered by furniture, equipment and other components can also form a template. The area covered by a machine is cut to scale from a thick paper to form a template.
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